Topic Six

Finally we came to the end of the trimester three. But workload is still heavy because final exam is in the corner. So, in IT topic three was all about web applications( differentiate between internet & web, types of web web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0). 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

-Internet exists in 1960,created by Vint Cerf.    -Web exist in 1990, created by Tim Berners Lee.

- The internet is a huge network of networks.   - The World Wide Web is a way of retrieving                                                                                 information over the medium of the internet.

    

- When you are using the internet you may       - When you are using the World Wide

   not be using the world Wide Web.                     you are always using the internet. 

               

- Skype, Via phone you are using internet.         - If you want to search information you will                                                                                    use internet and web. 

TYPES OF WEB

1)  Static Web is read only web where people allows to read and search information only. For example web 1.0. 

2)  Dynamic Web is dynamic web pages can adapt their content or presence depending on the user’s interactions, changes in data provided by an application. For example web 2.0, web 3.0.

GENERATION OF WEB

* web 1.0 also known as 1st generation of web where visitors are not allowed to contribute their idea  or comment it provides only information.Hyper linking of the web-pages and bookmarking were two of the most important aspect of web 1.0. For examples: Educational website, Company website extra.  

* Web 2.0 is second generation of web which is popular term for advances internet technology and applications. It allows information sharing with social media. Web 2.0 include the Blog, social networking sites, web applications etc.

 *Third generation of web is web 3.0 its about semantic web. web 3.0 is based on intelligent web applications using machine based learning and reasoning and intelligent applications. Examples of web 3.0 is decision support system, expert system portal.    

CATEGORIES OF WEB 2.0 SITES

There are two categories of web 2.0 online social networking and mash-ups and aggregators.

Online social networking where we can communicate all over the world using social sites for example Facebook, twitter, Myspace etc. 

 Aggregators is web site that takes different content from number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content. Data, video, social network, search, news aggregator includes in the aggregators.

Google Applications Technology

Messaging

Clan-daring 

Documents 

Video 

Sites 

Talk 

Maps 

Topic Five

Topic Five we learnt about Internet Applications and World Wide Web where we knew about what is internet?,history of internet , internet service and how to access web ? After finished our lesson i realized that internet is  a global system of interconnected computer networks where it provides the email & information to the educational sites like university, companies,government agencies extra. These networks allow the internet to be used for numerous essential functions which contain the a number of sources of communications like the file transformation, the online chat and even the sharing of the documents and web sites on the WWW, or the World Wide Web. 

Talking to the history of internet  1960 U.S defense advanced research projects agency began to study ways to interconnect networks in various kinds after searching this project quickly changed and combined with other networks.  Then in 1986 U.S National Science Foundation introduced the development of National science Foundation Network which is became major component of Internet. 

Internet services: At the present time internet has become part of our life because it has made information available in a quick easy manner by email, the web and social networking site. 

EMAIL is electronic mail which is allowed us to messages to be exchanged from computer to computer.For examples Yahoo, G mail, Hotmail extra.

THE WEB it contains hypertext link or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information.

 TRANSFER PROTOCOL is the set of rules/software that the computers use to move files from one computer to another on the internet.

CHAT ROOM is channel/medium/location on internet that allow people to chat with each other.

Topic Four

Topic four we learnt about Apply relational database design approach and implement it using Microsoft Access or other DBMS.

First we came to know what is database?

 - An organized collection of data.

- Collection of information arranged and presented in alphabetical order.

- Mechanism for strong, managing and retrieving information.

 Functions of database  

There are several functions that a database performs to ensure data reliability and regularity of data in the database. The three functions of database is to organize, to store and to control.

similarly we learnt about components of database and fundamentals of database. There are two components of database which is data item its a field in data processing and it is a piece of information  and another one is schema describes the organization of data and relationships within the database. It consists  of definitions of the various types of record in the database, the data-items they contain and the sets into which they are grouped. 

    

Topic four we also learnt about Database Management System (DBMS). First i came to know about what is DBMS, DBMS is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. For example Microsoft Access, MySQL, Oracle, File maker, dBASE are all examples of database management systems. DBMS can provide some features which are listed below:

- Allow users to create new databases.

- Give users the ability to query & modify the data using appropriate language (query language or      data manipulation).

- It provides information to the decision makers that they need to make important decisions. This    information is provided by querying the database using SQL.

And next session we learnt about data model basic building blocks. The basic building block for all data models are : 

Entity: An entity is something that we will be storing data about it is more to do with relational theory. It can be thought of as nouns and it represents in tables. 

Attributes: attributes is a characteristic of entity it help to identify the entity. It represents by col-um in table.

  

Relationship: A relationship works by matching data in key columns usually with the same name in both tables. In most cases. the relationship matches the primary key from one table, which provides a unique identifier for each row with an entry in the foreign key in the other table. There are three types of relationship between tables.

One to One Relationship: 

One to Many Relationship:

 Many to Many Relationship:

Types of Database Models

Hierarchical Model: It was established in 1960s by Information Management Company (IBM).This model organizes data in tree structure and it contains levels or segment like organizational chart. Hierarchical establish one to many relationship. 

Network Database: The popularity of the network database model coincided with the popularity of the hierarchical data model. It was created to represent complex data relationship and network database allows many to many relationships.

Relational database: It was introduced in 1970 by E. F. Codd . In relational data model, data is organised in the form of rows and columns as in a table. 

  

TOPIC 3

TOPIC THREE

I felt topic three is more lengthy and complex than topic two. As we discussion about information systems, so I learned about computer based information system, types of information system that are used in organization.

CBIS (Computer Based Information System): 

This systems use computer technology to accomplish some or all their tasks which is made by hardware, software, database, telecommunications procedures and people for decision making purpose. Support competitive advantage, support business making, support business operations and process are function of CBIS. Mainly we use computer based system in organization, business sector to keep much faster than manual system. And files within a computer based information system can be password – protected so that only authorized user can access the data.

Components of CBIS

Hardware: Hardware can be a single PC, a single main frame or networks of computers. It also includes physical device to control the process of input and output like keyboard, mouse and modem.

Software: different types of software used in Computer Based Information System (CBIS). Application software where includes the words processing  graphic, database, project management  System software which is controls and maintains the operations of the computer and its devices for examples windows 7, Linux extra. And programming language is a tool to write or create programs such as FOTRAN, COBOL extra.

 People: Those who are involved with the system or using the system. For example IT manger, system developer, system analyst and design.

Data: Consists of facts, text, graphic, figure that can be recorded and that have   specific meaning.

Procedure:  Instructions and rules to design and use information system. For example some procedures describe when each program should be run.

 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

  

*Transaction Processing System (TPS) 

*Management Information System (MIS)

*Decision Support System (DSS)

 *Executive Support System (ESS)

 *Expert Support System (ES)

 *Other is (Office Support System, Knowledge Support System)

Transaction processing system (TPS) is and information processing system that perform and records the data from everyday operations throughout every division or department in the organization. It will help the organization to control overtime of processing because transaction processing system is really fast to process data.  For example ATM machine, online booking ticket, fast food restaurant process customer order extra. And there are two methods of Transaction Processing System.

First is OLTP-Online Processing system which is a direct processing system. And it provides direct results to the system operator or customer. Second one is batch processing that collects transactions in groups, called batches, and processes them together for example telephone account, CG PA system. 

 Session two still we were in topic three where we learnt about system methodology. Firstly we learnt about what is ISD (Information System Development)? Steps of ISD systems, what is methodology, types of system methodologies.  

Information System Development (ISD) is a theoretical model used in Project Management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project. This Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and applying a new software application or program. In same class we learnt about methodology it is a set of methods and principles to perform a specific activity. Procedures, methods and tools are key element of methodology and there is various types’ information system development which is as below:

*Gane and Sarsons

*Information Engineering  

*Jackson System Development

*Prototyping iterative approach

*Structured approach

*Soft System Methodology

*Ethics 

TOPIC 2

TOPIC TWO

It was about ICT(Information Communication Technology) and IT(Information Technology) where I learned about differentiate between IT & ICT  and usage of ICT in daily life. firstly we learnt about whats the difference between ICT &IT. ICT refers Information Communication Technology which is provide us information by telecommunications  ICT includes cell phones, wireless networks, internet and ICT especially we used educational side to learning such as school, college , university so on. IT refers Information Technology which is include software, hardware, the internet nowadays in industrial side people use IT  to managing the networks and computers.

Similarly , season two we learnt about concept of information technology and daily usage of ICT in different places.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONCEPT

Information Technology Architecture : it’s a map or plan of the information assets in an organization which is help us to in planing replace to new technologies.

Information technology infrastructure: is physical facilities like IT components  computer software, hardware and communication technologies), IT service(service provide for customer), IT personal(people work with information technology), that supports  all organization.

At present time with out  technology people can not imagine their life. The technology sector has changed and helped in many places for example:

                                                                                               Education

 Business 

Banking